Bitternut Hickory (Carya cordiformis) is a tall, stately North American native tree recognized for its smooth gray bark, slender crown, and brilliant yellow fall foliage. It produces small, round nuts with a thick shell and distinctive shape, encased in a thin green husk that splits open in fall.
This Non-GMO, hardy hardwood species grows well in moist, well-drained soils and adapts to a variety of conditions. It’s valued for its strong wood, longevity, and ecological importance—providing food and habitat for wildlife such as squirrels, deer, and birds. Perfect for reforestation, natural landscaping, and large open spaces, the Bitternut Hickory is both ornamental and functional.
Features
- Native hardwood tree with golden-yellow fall foliage
- Non-GMO and naturally cold-hardy (zones 4–9)
- Produces small round nuts that feed wildlife
- Excellent for reforestation and habitat restoration
- Long-lived, strong, and adaptable tree
- Adds ornamental and ecological value to landscapes
Specifications
- Scientific Name: Carya cordiformis
- Common Name: Bitternut Hickory
- Plant Type: Deciduous hardwood tree
- Growth Height: 50–100 feet
- Spread: 30–50 feet
- USDA Hardiness Zones: 4–9
- Sunlight: Full sun to partial shade
- Soil Type: Moist, fertile, well-drained soil; tolerates loam and clay
- Bloom Season: Spring (April–May)
- Fruit Season: Late summer to fall
- Flower Color: Greenish-yellow catkins
- Fruit Type: Round nut enclosed in thin green husk
- Foliage: Bright green turning golden yellow in fall
- GMO Status: Non-GMO
- Planting Season: Fall (direct sow) or spring (after stratification)
- Sowing Depth: 1–2 inches
- Germination Time: 60–120 days (requires cold stratification for 90–120 days)
- Watering Needs: Moderate; prefers consistent moisture
- Maintenance: Minimal pruning; deep-rooted and low maintenance
- Wildlife Benefits: Provides nuts and shelter for squirrels, birds, and small mammals
- Uses: Reforestation, wildlife plantings, shade tree, native landscaping
Planting Guide
- Cold Stratify: Chill seeds in moist medium for 90–120 days before sowing.
- Prepare Soil: Select deep, fertile, well-drained soil in full sun.
- Sow Seeds: Plant 1–2 inches deep and water thoroughly.
- Light: Provide full sunlight for strongest growth.
- Watering: Keep soil moist but not waterlogged until seedlings establish.
- Spacing: 25–40 feet apart for mature growth.
- Maintenance: Little care required once established; mulch around base to retain moisture.
